Resources and content below are intended to support further learning about AI tools and their potential application and impact in the teaching and learning environment.
While citations generated by ChatGPT may look convincing, they are results of aggregated textual information rather than evaluated information.
Response by OpenAI to a query to better understand the parameters within which ChatGPT-3 operates:
As an AI language model, I do not have the ability to access or browse the internet like humans do. My responses are based on the text input I receive from users, and my knowledge is derived from the vast amount of text data that I have been trained on.
The training data used to create my base architecture, GPT-3, included a diverse range of text sources, such as books, articles, websites, and other online content, covering a time span from the 1980s to 2020; with a knowledge cutoff of September 2021.
However, it's worth noting that my responses are based on the information that was available in the text corpus at the time of my training, and my knowledge is not constantly updated in real-time. As new information and events occur, my responses may not always reflect the latest developments, and it's possible that I may not have knowledge of recent events or changes.
Reference
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT-3 (April 12, 2023 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
On April 7, 2023, APA Style released informal guidance in their APA Style Blog on how to cite, quote, and use ChatGPT and other generative AI tools.
| How to Cite AI Generated Content - APA Style Recommendations | |
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Example 1, Quoting or reproducing the text created by Generative AI tools in your paperWhen queried with, “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated resultant text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023). Reference OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat |
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Example 2, Quoting or reproducing the text created by Generative AI tools in your paperWhen given a follow-up query of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript). Reference OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat |
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Example 3, Creating a reference to AI models and softwareNote, The in-text citations and references above are adapted from the reference template for software in Section 10.10 of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2020, Chapter 10). Reference OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
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Reference
More Resources
The University of Queensland shares some additional suggestions for Citing ChatGPT and other generative AI as does Scribber. It is important to note that to-date, official APA, MLA, & Chicago Manual of Style AI citation recommendations are still pending. This section will be updated as guidance is shared.
Have you identified an additional resource that should be added to this guide? We'd like to know!
