PEO |
Definition |
Example |
Population |
Who is my question focused on? |
Seniors |
Exposure (cause) |
What is the issue I'm interested in? |
Exercise |
Outcome (effect) |
What, concerning issue do I want to examine? |
Blood Pressure |
Examples:
Question: Does the [exposure] cause the [outcome] in [population]?
Does 20 min of walking daily help lower blood pressure in seniors aged 60-70?
Hypothesis: The [exposure] causes the [outcome] in [population].
20 min of walking daily helps lower blood pressure in seniors aged 60-70.
Question: Does the [exposure] cause the [outcome] in [population]?
Your Question:
Hypothesis: The [exposure] causes the [outcome] in [population].
Your Hypothesis:
PICO | Definition | Example |
---|---|---|
P | Population - select a focused population i.e patient or problem | Seniors |
I | Intervention - you want to test or examine | Exercise |
C | Control group or Comparison - comparison method | No exercise |
O | Outcome - result that you want to see |
Blood pressure (High or Low) |
P- population that you want to study,
Examples:
Note: actual/sample population: will be much smaller
I- intervention,
Examples:
Note: Cross-sectional observational study- there is no intervention, so describe the predictor variables,
Example: apple
C- control group or comparison
Examples:
O- outcome,
Example: Blood pressure
Formulated question:
Does eating an apple per day for 100 days decrease blood pressure in young adults compared to young adults who do not eat apples?
Study population: Young adults
Sample population: Skyline students
Intervention: Apples
Comparison: Either a time point before the intervention or a control group that does not receive the intervention.