LibGuides: Anti-Asian/Asian American Racism: A Resource Guide: Articles

Resources from Skyline Databases

Suggested search terms:

"Asian-Americans” AND (racism OR bigotry OR “hate crime” OR “hate crimes”)

Articles and Reports from OneSearch
Use the above suggested search terms to locate newspaper articles, book chapters, reference entries, web resources, journals, reports, etc. from the Library's OneSearch
Resources from NewsBank:Hot Topic: Asian Hate Crimes
"A mass shooting at spas in Atlanta of which the victims were overwhelmingly Asian American has enhanced the growing effort to address Asian hate crimes that have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. How much have hate crimes against Asian American’s risen since the beginning of the pandemic and what has been discovered about the motive for some of these crimes? What efforts to address Asian bigotry have been made?"

Stereotyping of Asian Americans

Asian Americans Are Still Caught in the Trap of the 'Model Minority' Stereotype. And It Creates Inequality for All.

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Facts, Not Fiction--Setting the Record Straight "This project provides needed new data on key issues and trends for the access and participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in U.S. higher education. This report is founded on the simple premise that educational policies and practices must be based on fact, not fiction, if they are to be of value to teachers, students, parents, and society as a whole. The report focuses on three pervasive and core fictions about the Asian American and Pacific Islander community, which are examined in the context of empirical data."

(Mis)interpretations and (In)justice: The 1992 Los Angeles "Riots" and "Black-Korean Conflict" "Cheung attempts to shed light on interracial conflicts by focusing on (mis)interpretations in the legal and cultural realms. He would like to re-visit one event preceding the urban unrest by discussing "The Court Interpreter," a short story by Ty Pak, a Korean immigrant writer, alongside the legal scholarship surrounding the uprising.
Subject"

Not in Vogue: Portrayals of Asian Americans in Magazine Advertising "A content analysis of magazine advertisements indicates that advertising portrayals of Asian Americans reflect commonly held stereotypes. In particular, Asian models (1) appear more frequently in advertisements for technology-based products than for products not based on technology, (2) appear far more frequently in the popular business press and popular science/mechanics publications than in women's or general interest magazines, (3) appear regularly in business settings, but are seldom shown in other settings, and (4) are depicted frequently as coworkers of other models in the ad but are seldom seen in family or social settings. Drawing on expectancy theory, the authors discuss potential negative impacts of these stereotypes being reinforced through advertising."
The Social Construction of Identity in Criminal Cases: Cinema Verité and the Pedagogy of Verité and the Pedagogy of Vincent Chin "This article will discuss the use of the film, Who Killed Vincent Chin?, as a method: (1) to analyze the relationship of social constructions of identity, particularly race, on the rules and discretionary application of criminal jurisprudence; (2) to provide an interactive pedagogical tool for law teachers, especially criminal law teachers,to examine the social contexts of criminal jurisprudence from multiple perspectives; and (3) to examine the ability of criminal law doctrine to address issues of race."

Suggested search terms for locating more resources at the Library.:

"Asian Americans” AND stereotyp*

The asterisk (truncation) sign * retrieves any word with the prefix "stereotyp", which includes stereotype, stereotyped, stereotypes, and stereotyping

You can also be more specific, especially when searching for historical resources, by using search terms such as:

"Chinese Americans" AND stereotyp*

"Japanese Americans" AND stereotyp*

Other related terms to use:

"model minority"

Gender Bias/Stereotyping of Asian Americans

When Women are the Enemy: The Intersection of Misogyny and White Supremacy
Tales of Racism and Sexism, From 3 Leading Asian-American Women
A Sociologist's View On The Hyper-Sexualization Of Asian Women In American Society
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A sociologist's view on The Hyper-Sexualization of Asian women In American society. (2021, March 19). Retrieved April 07, 2021, from https://www.npr.org/2021/03/19/979340013/a-sociologists-view-on-the-hyper-sexualization-of-asian-women-in-american-societ
Racism and Sexism Shadow Many Interactions for Asian-American Women

White Sexual Imperialism: a Theory Of Asian Feminist Jurisprudence "This Article studies the intersection of race and gender, examining it through the lens of Western imperialism. Even though both critical race and feminist scholarship have addressed this intersection, few if any offer a precise theory for understanding the imperialized experience. This Article seeks to fill that void. The social inequality minority women face, in particular those of Asian descent, can be best articulated by a theory this Article calls white sexual imperialism."
Chinese american women in U.S. history: Explaining representations of exotic others, passive objects, and active subjects Abstract
"The first sighting that Americans likely had of a Chinese woman was in 1780 as a "curiosity" in New York City, where Afong Moy was elaborately staged as "the Chinese Lady" at the American Museum, owned by showman Phineas T. Barnum. Dressed in silk Qing Dynasty robes and dainty, pointed slippers, she was seated in a chair against an "orientalist" set decorated with carvings, lanterns, and tea accessories. During the 1830s and 1840s, Moy appeared on a variety of stages speaking in Chinese and eating with chopsticks. As "Ah" or "A" is a prefix commonly used in the Cantonese dialect to address a person, Afong is a familiar name and not the proper one given to her by her family. Hence, her true identity is unknown to us."
Unmasking ‘Sidekick’ Masculinity: A Qualitative Investigation of How Asian-American Males View Emasculating Stereotypes in U.S. Media "This paper sought to explore how Asian-American males perceive stereotypical media
portrayals of themselves in relation to their identity and masculinity and conversely, how
they construct identity and masculinity in relation to emasculating media representations.
Through semi-structured interviews, this research explored the inner worlds and life
narratives of 23 Asian-American men. Using thematic analysis, I found that Asian-American
men by and large negatively view and reject media’s emasculating images of themselves and
find resistance in choosing to assert their masculinity and identity in other ways.
Nonetheless, as identity is not produced in a vacuum, but is socially recognized, AsianAmerican men suffer from being ascribed unwanted identities out of their control. "

Suggested search terms for locating more resources at the Library.:

"Asian American" AND "women OR men” AND "stereotyp* OR bias"

The asterisk (truncation) sign * retrieves any word with the prefix "stereotyp", which includes stereotype, stereotyped, stereotypes, and stereotyping

You can also be more specific, especially when searching for historical resources, by using search terms such as:

"Chinese American" "women OR men” AND "stereotyp* OR bias"

"Japanese American" "women OR men” AND "stereotyp* OR bias"

Other related terms to use:

fetishization

By and About Asian American Students

Andrew Yang was wrong. Showing our 'American-ness' is not how Asian Americans stop racism
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Xu, Canwen. "Andrew Yang was wrong. Showing our 'American-ness' is not how Asian Americans stop racism." Washington Post, 3 Apr. 2020. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A619366427/STND?u=plan_skyline&sid=STND&xid=a2520b1a. Accessed 9 Apr. 2021.
As schools reopen, Asian American students are missing from classrooms
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Balingit, Moriah, et al. "As schools reopen, Asian American students are missing from classrooms." Washington Post, 4 Mar. 2021. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A653791937/STND?u=plan_skyline&sid=STND&xid=2f91c3a4. Accessed 9 Apr. 2021.
Asian student leaders speak out for community, elderly
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Atizado, Liana Mae, and Kathleen Quinn. "Asian student leaders speak out for community, elderly." UWIRE Text, 12 Mar. 2021, p. 1. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A654723227/STND?u=plan_skyline&sid=STND&xid=9b3f1b7b. Accessed 9 Apr. 2021.
Foes of affirmative action leveraging anti-Asian violence
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Nakamura, David. "Foes of affirmative action leveraging anti-Asian violence." Washington Post, 7 Apr. 2021, p. NA. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A657656628/STND?u=plan_skyline&sid=STND&xid=38e58002. Accessed 9 Apr. 2021.
From Yellow Peril to Yellow Fever: The Representation of Asians from Anna May Wong to Lucy Liu
How UC Berkeley can show up for our Asian American students
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"How UC Berkeley can show up for our Asian American students." UWIRE Text, 26 Feb. 2021, p. 1. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A653407877/STND?u=plan_skyline&sid=STND&xid=c1663386. Accessed 9 Apr. 2021.

Scholarly Studies

Acculturation, Enculturation, Perceived Racism, and Psychological Symptoms Among Asian American College Students
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Alamilla, Saul G., et al. “Acculturation, Enculturation, Perceived Racism, and Psychological Symptoms Among Asian American College Students.” Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, vol. 45, no. 1, Jan. 2017, pp. 37–65. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1002/jmcd.12062.
The Marginalization and Stereotyping of Asians in American Film
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Paner, Isabel, "The Marginalization and Stereotyping of Asians in American Film" (2018). Honors Theses. 36.
https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2018.HONORS.ST.08
Portrayals of Chinese Women’s Images in Hollywood Mainstream Films — An Analysis of Four Representative Films of Different Periods
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Hanying Wang, "Portrayals of Chinese Women’s Images in Hollywood
Mainstream Films — An Analysis of Four Representative Films of Different Periods," Intercultural Communication Studies XII: 3 (2012), pp. 82-92. Accessed Apr. 5, 2021: https://web.uri.edu/iaics/files/07Wang.pdf

After “The China Virus” Went Viral: Racially Charged Coronavirus Coverage and Trends in Bias Against Asian Americans Abstract
"On March 8, 2020, there was a 650% increase in Twitter retweets using the term “Chinese virus” and related terms. On March 9, there was an 800% increase in the use of these terms in conservative news media articles. Using data from non-Asian respondents of the Project Implicit “Asian Implicit Association Test” from 2007–2020 (n = 339,063), we sought to ascertain if this change in media tone increased bias against Asian Americans. Local polynomial regression and interrupted time-series analyses revealed that Implicit Americanness Bias—or the subconscious belief that European American individuals are more “American” than Asian American individuals—declined steadily from 2007 through early 2020 but reversed trend and began to increase on March 8, following the increase in stigmatizing language in conservative media outlets. The trend reversal in bias was more pronounced among conservative individuals. This research provides evidence that the use of stigmatizing language increased subconscious beliefs that Asian Americans are “perpetual foreigners.” Given research that perpetual foreigner bias can beget discriminatory behavior and that experiencing discrimination is associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes, this research sounds an alarm about the effects of stigmatizing media on the health and welfare of Asian Americans."

Example of Bias Journal Articles

CHINESE MASSACRE AT LOS ANGELES IN 1871 -- published by the Historical Society of Southern California, and stores in the scholarly database: JSTOR
Analysis by Skyline College History Professor, James Wong:
"I felt before and I feel now that the author endeavored to present a somewhat sympathetic view about the massacre. The writer divulges a degree of condescension from a white person in 1894, blaming the Chinese themselves for the massacre. He stated this in the second sentence of the article, "The trouble originated among the Chinese themselves."

The author throughout the entire article bewails the outbreak of violence. But he enumerates the ways in which the Chinese brought the violence upon themselves.

Additionally, using contemporary standards, the author would be criticized for his usage of two words not acceptable today, notably "Chinamen" and "Nigger Alley." Those terms were in common usage in 1871 and in 1894, "Nigger" then was still a horrible pejorative. The term of "Chinamen" has since taken on more and more negative connotations.

Its condescension and thus its bias are subtle. Racial bias and prejudice are not always offensively blatant, but can be very subtle. We only have to look at how prejudice against Asians today can be subtle with microaggression and the perpetuating the "model minority" myth."

Anti-Asian/Asian American Racism: A Resource Guide: Articles